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E2V Technologies CX1174 Deuterium-Filled Ceramic Thyratron
The data to be read in conjunction with the Hydrogen Thyratron Preamble.
ABRIDGED DATA
Deuterium-filled tetrode thyratron with ceramic/metal envelope, featuring low jitter, firing time and drift. Suitable for switching high power at high pulse repetition rates or for switching long pulses. A reservoir operating from a separate heater supply is incorporated. Peak forward anode voltage . . . . . . 40 kV max Peak anode current (see Ratings) . . . . . 6.0 kA max Average anode current . . . . . . . . 4.0 A max
GENERAL
Electrical
Cathode (connected internally to one end of heater) . . . . . . . . . Cathode heater voltage ....... . 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oxide coated + 0.3 . 6.3 V 7 0.0 40 A . 5.0 V 10 A 15 min 40 pF
Cathode heater current . . . Reservoir heater voltage (see note Reservoir heater current . . . Tube heating time (minimum) . Anode to grid 2 capacitance .
Mechanical
Seated height . . . . Clearance required below mounting flange . . . Overall diameter (mounting flange) . . Net weight . . . . . Mounting position (see note Tube connections . . . . 212.7 mm (8.375 inches) max . . 57.15 mm (2.250 inches) min . 152.4 mm (6.000 inches) nom . . 3.5 kg (7 3/4 pounds) approx 2) . . . . . . . . . any . . . . . . . . see outline
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . liquid or forced-air Liquid . . . . . . . . . . oil or coolant immersion Forced-air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see below Cooling by oil or coolant immersion is preferred in view of the high voltages present. Further information is contained in the relevant section of the Preamble. The tube may be cooled by forced-air directed mainly onto the base, and the metal/ceramic envelope should be maintained below the maximum rated temperature. An air flow of at least 2.83 m3/min (100 ft3/min), depending on the mechanical layout, will be necessary to keep the tube operating temperatures under the limits specified below.
In addition to 300 W of heater power, the tube dissipates from 100 W per ampere average anode current, rising to 300 W/A at the highest rates of rise and fall of anode current. The cathode end of the tube must be cooled whenever heater voltages are applied, since the cathode flange will reach a temperature of 120 8C above ambient in the absence of cooling. Envelope temperature: ceramic, anode and grid . . . . . . 150 8C max cathode flange and base . . . . . . 120 8C max
E2V Technologies Limited, Waterhouse Lane, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 2QU England Telephone: +44 (0)1245 493493 Facsimile: +44 (0)1245 492492 e-mail: enquiries@e2vtechnologies.com Internet: www.e2vtechnologies.com Holding Company: Redwood 2002 Limited E2V Technologies Inc. 4 Westchester Plaza, PO Box 1482, Elmsford, NY10523-1482 USA Telephone: (914) 592-6050 Facsimile: (914) 592-5148 e-mail: enquiries@e2vtechnologies.us
# E2V Technologies Limited 2002
A1A-CX1174 Issue 5, October 2002
527/5630
MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM RATINGS
These ratings cannot necessarily be used simultaneously, and no individual rating must be exceeded. Min Typical Max
Environmental
Ambient temperature . . . . . . 750 Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . - - +90 3 10 000 8C km ft
Anode (Pulse Modulator Service)
Peak forward anode voltage (see note 3) . . . . . Peak inverse anode voltage (see note 4) . . . . . Peak anode current . . . Peak anode current (pulse repetition rate limited to 60 pps max) . . . . Average anode current . . Rate of rise of anode current (see notes 5 and 6) . . . Pulse repetition rate (see note 7) . . . . . ..- ..- ..- - - 6.0 40 35 - kV kV kA
CHARACTERISTICS
Min Typical Max Critical DC anode voltage for conduction (see note 12) . Anode delay time (see notes 12 and 13) . . Anode delay time drift (see notes 12 and 14) . . Time jitter (see note 12) . . Recovery time . . . . . Cathode heater current (at 6.3 V) . . . . . . Reservoir heater current (at 5.0 V) . . . . . . ..- ..- 0.5 0.1 1.0 0.25 kV ms
..- ..- ..- ..-
- - 10 400 Min
8.0 4.0 - - Max
kA A kA/ms pps
..- 15 50 ns ..- 1.0 5.0 ns . . . . . . . see note 7 . 35 40 10 45 12 A A
. . 8.0
Anode (Single Shot, see note 8)
DC forward anode voltage . Peak anode current . . . Rate of rise of anode current Total conducted charge: capacitor discharge . . power supply follow-on . Repetition frequency . . . ....- 30 kV ....- 40 kA . . . . . . . see note 5 ....- 0.4 C ....- 18 C . . . . 1 pulse per 10 s max
NOTES
1. The reservoir heater must be decoupled with a suitable capacitor to avoid damage by spike voltages. The recommended reservoir heater voltage for each individual tube is stamped on the tube envelope. This recommended value is determined for hold-off at the maximum anode voltage under DC conditions. For lower voltages and modulator operation the reservoir heater voltage should be increased to a value consistent with voltage hold-off at the operating level. Maximum reservoir voltage (i.e. maximum gas pressure in the tube) is one prerequisite for maximum thyratron life. The reservoir voltage should be stabilised to + 0.05 V. 2. The tube must be mounted by means of its mounting flange. 3. Under resonant charging conditions a maximum anode voltage of 35 kV is recommended. Using command charging techniques, where the voltage appears at the anode for only a short time (51 ms), this thyratron may be operated at up to 40 kV. 4. The peak inverse voltage including spike must not exceed 10 kV for the first 25 ms after the anode pulse. Amplitude and rate of rise of inverse voltage contribute greatly to tube dissipation and electrode damage; if these are not minimised in the circuit, tube life will be shortened considerably. The aim should be for an inverse voltage of 3 - 5 kV peak with a rise time of 0.5 ms. 5. For single-shot or burst mode applications this parameter can exceed 150 kA/ms. The ultimate value which can be attained depends to a large extent upon the external circuit. 6. This rate of rise refers to that part of the leading edge of the pulse between 25% and 75% of the pulse amplitude. 7. This thyratron has a long recovery time (50 - 100 ms). The amount of time available for thyratron recovery must be maximised by circuit design, and reliable operation may necessitate the use of command charging techniques. The amount of time required for recovery is affected by gas pressure, peak current, pulse duration and load mismatch which keeps the thyratron in a conducting state.
Grid 2
Unloaded grid 2 drive pulse (see note 9) . . . . Grid 2 pulse duration . . Rate of rise of grid 2 pulse (see note 6) . . . . Grid 2 pulse delay . . . Peak inverse grid 2 voltage Loaded grid 2 bias voltage Forward impedance of grid 2 drive circuit . . voltage . . . . 500 . . . . . 0.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000 - V ms
. 10 - kV/ms . . 0.5 3.0 ms ..- 450 V . 750 7180 V 50 500 O
....
Grid 1 - Pulsed
Unloaded grid 1 drive pulse (see note 9) . . . . Grid 1 pulse duration . . Rate of rise of grid 1 pulse (see note 6) . . . . Peak inverse grid 1 voltage Loaded grid 1 bias voltage Peak grid 1 drive current voltage . . . . 400 . . . . . 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000 - V ms
. 1.0 - kV/ms .- 450 V . . . . see note 10 . 0.5 1.5 A
Grid 1 - DC Primed (See note 11)
DC grid 1 unloaded priming voltage . DC grid 1 priming current . . . . 75 75 150 150 V mA
Cathode
Heater voltage . . . . . . . . . Heating time ........ 6.3 15 + 0.3 7 0.0 - V min
Reservoir
Heater voltage (see note 1) . . . . . 4.5 Heating time ........ 15 6.5 - V min
CX1174, page 2
# E2V Technologies
8. Under fault conditions most of the coulombs are often in the power supply follow-on current, rather than the storage capacitor discharge. 9. Measured with respect to cathode. Pre-pulsing of grid 1 is recommended for modulator and high rate of rise applications. The last 0.25 ms of the top of the grid 1 pulse must overlap the corresponding first 0.25 ms of the top of the delayed grid 2 pulse. 10. DC negative bias voltages must not be applied to grid 1. When grid 1 is pulse driven, the potential of grid 1 may vary between 710 and +5 V with respect to cathode potential during the period between the completion of recovery and the commencement of the succeeding grid pulse.
11. When DC priming is used on grid 1, a negative bias of 100 to 180 V must be applied to grid 2 to ensure anode voltage hold-off. Also the higher grid 1 is pulsed, the larger the grid 2 negative bias must be to prevent the tube firing on the grid 1 pulse. 12. Typical figures are obtained on test using conditions of minimum grid drive. Improved performance can be expected by increasing grid drive. 13. The time interval between the instant at which the rising unloaded grid 2 pulse reaches 25% of its pulse amplitude and the instant when anode conduction takes places. 14. The drift in delay time over a period from 10 seconds to 10 minutes after reaching full voltage.
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
6890A
GRID 2 DELAYED WITH RESPECT TO GRID 1 GRID 2 VOLTAGE 500 - 2000 V, 1 ms
G2
R2
0
NEGATIVE BIAS VOLTAGE
CATHODE HEATER SUPPLY
G1 C1
R1
GRID 1 CURRENT 0.5 - 1.5 A, 2 ms 0.5 ms MIN GRID 1/GRID 2 DELAY
RESERVOIR HEATER SUPPLY (VARIABLE)
C2
RECOMMENDED GRID, CATHODE AND RESERVOIR HEATER CONNECTIONS
R1 R2 = = Grid 1 series resistor. 12 W vitreous enamelled wirewound is recommended, of a total impedance to match the grid 1 drive pulse circuit. Grid 2 series resistor. 12 W vitreous enamelled wirewound is recommended, of an impedance to match the grid 2 drive pulse circuit. reservoir protection capacitors with a voltage rating 5500 V; 1000 pF low inductance (e.g. ceramic), 1 mF (e.g. polycarbonate or polypropylene).
C1, C2 7 C1 = C2 =
Components R1, R2, C1 and C2 should be mounted as close to the tube as possible.
# E2V Technologies
CX1174, page 3
OUTLINE
(All dimensions without limits are nominal)
2185D
1C
1
ANODE CONNECTION FITTED WITH /4-20 UNC SCREW
Ref A B C D F G H J K L
Millimetres 212.7 max 152.4 147.0 3.18 106.3 max 177.8 min 6.35 8.0 135.7 117.35
Inches 8.375 max 6.000 5.787 0.125 4.187 max 7.000 min 0.250 0.315 5.344 4.620
GRID 2 CONNECTION FITTED WITH 8-32 UNC SCREW A
L D
Inch dimensions have been derived from millimetres.
SEE NOTE 2 MOUNTING FLANGE SEE NOTE 1
Outline Notes
1. The mounting flange is the connection for the cathode, cathode heater return and reservoir heater return. 2. A minimum clearance of 57.15 mm (2.250 inches) must be allowed below the mounting flange. 3. The recommended mounting hole is 108 mm (4.250 inches) diameter.
1F SEE NOTE 3 GRID 1 LEAD (GREEN) G LONG, TAG TO SUIT 1H
RESERVOIR HEATER LEAD (RED) G LONG, TAG TO SUIT 1H
1B
4 MOUNTING HOLES 1J EQUISPACED ON K PCD CATHODE HEATER LEAD (YELLOW) G LONG, TAG TO SUIT 1H
HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS
E2V Technologies hydrogen thyratrons are safe to handle and operate, provided that the relevant precautions stated herein are observed. E2V Technologies does not accept responsibility for damage or injury resulting from the use of electronic devices it produces. Equipment manufacturers and users must ensure that adequate precautions are taken. Appropriate warning labels and notices must be provided on equipments incorporating E2V Technologies devices and in operating manuals. must be fitted to disconnect the primary power supply and discharge all high voltage capacitors and other stored charges before allowing access. Interlock switches must not be bypassed to allow operation with access doors open.
X-Ray Radiation
All high voltage devices produce X-rays during operation and may require shielding. The X-ray radiation from hydrogen thyratrons is usually reduced to a safe level by enclosing the equipment or shielding the thyratron with at least 1.6 mm ( 1/16 inch) thick steel panels. Users and equipment manufacturers must check the radiation level under their maximum operating conditions.
High Voltage
Equipment must be designed so that personnel cannot come into contact with high voltage circuits. All high voltage circuits and terminals must be enclosed and fail-safe interlock switches
Whilst E2V Technologies has taken care to ensure the accuracy of the information contained herein it accepts no responsibility for the consequences of any use thereof and also reserves the right to change the specification of goods without notice. E2V Technologies accepts no liability beyond that set out in its standard conditions of sale in respect of infringement of third party patents arising from the use of tubes or other devices in accordance with information contained herein.
CX1174, page 4
Printed in England
# E2V Technologies

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